Member-only story

The Human Figure: Dover Anatomy for Artists: A Comprehensive Guide to Human Anatomy for Artists, Illustrators, and Designers

Paul Reed

·16.4k Followers· Follow

Published in The Human Figure (Dover Anatomy For Artists)

8 min read

334 View Claps

61 Respond

Save

Listen

The Human Figure: Dover Anatomy for Artists is a comprehensive guide to human anatomy for artists, illustrators, and designers. This book provides a detailed overview of the human body, from the skeletal system to the muscular system, and includes over 400 illustrations.

The Human Figure (Dover Anatomy for Artists)

by John H. Vanderpoel

4.4 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	20978 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Print length	:	239 pages
Lending	:	Enabled

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the framework of the human body. It provides support, protection, and movement. The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

Bones are hard, white tissues that make up the majority of the skeletal system. Bones are strong and durable, and they provide support for the body. Bones also protect the organs of the body from injury.

Cartilage is a soft, flexible tissue that is found in the joints and between the bones. Cartilage helps to reduce friction and wear and tear on the bones.

Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other. Ligaments help to keep the bones in place and prevent them from dislocating.

The Muscular System

The muscular system is responsible for movement. The muscular system is made up of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Muscles are soft, elastic tissues that can contract and relax. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Tendons are tough, fibrous tissues that transmit the force of muscle contractions to the bones.

Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones. Ligaments help to keep the muscles in place and prevent them from tearing.

The Nervous System

The nervous system is responsible for communication and control. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system. The brain receives information from the senses and sends signals to the muscles and organs.

The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nerves that runs from the brain down the back. The spinal cord carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Nerves are thin, white fibers that carry messages throughout the body. Nerves transmit signals from the brain to the muscles and organs, and they also send sensory information back to the brain.

The Circulatory System

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and the ventricles pump blood out to the body.

Blood vessels are tubes that carry blood throughout the body. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from the blood into the tissues.

Blood is a thick, red liquid that contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, white blood cells help to fight infection, and platelets help to clot blood.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for breathing. The respiratory system is made up of the lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles.

The lungs are two large, spongy organs that are located in the chest cavity. The lungs are filled with air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli are where oxygen from the air is transferred into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood is transferred into the air.

The airways are a series of tubes that carry air from the nose and mouth to the lungs. The airways include the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

The respiratory muscles are the muscles that control breathing. The respiratory muscles include the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles.

The Digestive System

The digestive system is responsible for digesting food and absorbing nutrientes. The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.

The mouth is the first part of the digestive system. The mouth is where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that help to break down food.

The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus is lined with muscles that contract and relax to move food down to the stomach.

The stomach is a J-shaped organ that is located in the upper left abdomen. The stomach secretes gastric juices that help to break down food. The stomach also churns food to further break it down.

The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that is located in the lower abdomen. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place. The small intestine is lined with villi, which are small finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption.

The large intestine is a wider, shorter tube that is located in the lower abdomen. The large intestine is where water and electrolytes are absorbed from the food. The large intestine also stores waste products until they are eliminated from the body.

The rectum is the last part of the digestive system. The rectum is where waste products are stored before they are eliminated from the body.

The Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for removing waste products from the body. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are located in the upper back. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood. The kidneys also produce urine, which is a liquid that contains waste products.

The ureters are two thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a muscular organ that stores urine. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The Reproductive System

The reproductive system is responsible for reproduction. The reproductive system is made up of the reproductive organs and the hormones that control reproduction.

The reproductive organs include the testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. The testes are two small organs that are located in the scrotum. The testes produce sperm. The penis is a male organ that is used for sexual intercourse and urination. The ovaries are two small organs that are located in the pelvis. The ovaries produce eggs. The uterus is a pear-shaped organ that is located in the pelvis. The uterus is where a baby grows and develops during pregnancy. The vagina is a tube that carries menstrual blood and babies out of the body.

The hormones that control reproduction include testosterone and estrogen. Testosterone is a hormone that is produced by the testes. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male characteristics, such as a deep voice and facial hair. Estrogen is a hormone that is produced by the ovaries. Estrogen is responsible for the development of female characteristics, such as breasts and a wider pelvis.

The Human

The Human Figure (Dover Anatomy for Artists)

by John H. Vanderpoel

4.4 out of 5